The year was 1656, a Dutch merchant
named Johan Palmstruch proposed to King Charles X Gustav
on the formation of a banking
institution in Sweden. The Stockholms Blanco was created, and this
paved way to modern central banks. While there were banks before
1656, Palmstruch formulated two revolutionary concepts. Firstly, the
deposited money was used to finance loans. This proved disastrous
later on due to the mismatch of the duration of deposits versus
loans. Deposits back then were short term while loans were repaid
over a longer duration. To solve this issue (and his second
innovation), he introduced the first European banknote which could be
exchanged for the specified amount of gold or silver. With no proper
controls, it was a recipe for disaster certainly. By 1568, this
ticking time bomb finally exploded which lead to the demise of the
Stockholms Blanco and Palmstruch was imprisoned.
Since the Stockholms Blanco, central
banks have played a crucial role when it comes to a nation`s economy.
The German hyperinflation and the Great Depression taught us an
important lesson : When central bankers fail, so do societies. Closer
to the present, during the 07/08 financial crisis, central bankers
from the Federal Reserve (FED), Bank of England (BoE), European
Central Bank (ECB) among others were at the front, putting out the
fire caused by housing bubble that was escalated further thanks to
Wall Street`s packaging of toxic assets.
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